Conservation Management in Existing Protected Areas to address threats to mountain natural resources, particular threats to biodiversity. Major threats to mountain biodiversity include alien plant infestations, historical soil erosion, inappropriate fire management regimes, inadequate security, over-grazing, poor waste management and poor management of cultural resources. In the existing protected areas there is need to develop strategies for effectively intervening and addressing continuing threats and residual impacts. In the areas that have yet to be developed as protected areas, a phased approach will be taken with active management interventions preceded by extensive consultation.